在Linux中安装指定版本的Python

Centos系统

1. 安装依赖包;

   yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel libffi-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc* make -y

2. 去Python官网下载需要的Python版本至本地路径，这里以Python3.8.13​为例安装;
   淘宝Python镜像加速网站：https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/python/

   wget https://registry.npmmirror.com/-/binary/python/3.8.13/Python-3.8.13.tgz

3. 解压Python安装包；

   tar zxvf Python-3.8.13

4. 配置安装路径

   1. 切入到解压目录

      cd ./Python-3.8.13

   2. 配置安装路径（这里配置的Python安装路径为/usr/local/python3，后续Python将会安装在此目录下）

      ./configure prefix=/usr/local/python3 --with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl

5. 编译安装

   make && make install

6. 配置软连接以便全局使用

   ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
   ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

7. 测试

   # 看是否可以运行
   python3
   pip3

   1. 错误一：No module named ‘_ctypes’

      yum install libffi-devel -y
      cd Python-3.7.8/
      make clean && make && make install

Ubuntu系统

1. 安装依赖包：

sudo apt install build-essential zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libncurses5-dev libgdbm-dev libnss3-dev libssl-dev libreadline-dev libffi-dev wget

2. 下载需要安装的Python版本：

　　 淘宝Python镜像加速网站：https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/python/

wget https://registry.npmmirror.com/-/binary/python/3.8.13/Python-3.8.13.tgz

3. 解压Python安装包；

   tar zxvf Python-3.8.13

4. 配置安装路径

   1. 切入到解压目录

      cd ./Python-3.8.13

   2. 配置安装路径（这里配置的Python安装路径为/usr/local/python3，后续Python将会安装在此目录下）

      sudo ./configure prefix=/usr/local/python3

5. 编译安装

sudo make && sudo make install

6. 配置软连接

sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

7. 测试

# 看是否可以运行
python3
pip3

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